/*
* ORACLE PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
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/*
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* Written by Doug Lea with assistance from members of JCP JSR-166
* Expert Group and released to the public domain, as explained at
* http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
*/
package java.util.concurrent;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
import java.security.PrivilegedExceptionAction;
/**
* An {@link Executor} that provides methods to manage termination and
* methods that can produce a {@link Future} for tracking progress of
* one or more asynchronous tasks.
*
* An ExecutorService can be shut down, which will cause
* it to reject new tasks. Two different methods are provided for
* shutting down an ExecutorService. The {@link #shutdown}
* method will allow previously submitted tasks to execute before
* terminating, while the {@link #shutdownNow} method prevents waiting
* tasks from starting and attempts to stop currently executing tasks.
* Upon termination, an executor has no tasks actively executing, no
* tasks awaiting execution, and no new tasks can be submitted. An
* unused ExecutorService should be shut down to allow
* reclamation of its resources.
*
*
Method submit extends base method {@link
* Executor#execute} by creating and returning a {@link Future} that
* can be used to cancel execution and/or wait for completion.
* Methods invokeAny and invokeAll perform the most
* commonly useful forms of bulk execution, executing a collection of
* tasks and then waiting for at least one, or all, to
* complete. (Class {@link ExecutorCompletionService} can be used to
* write customized variants of these methods.)
*
*
The {@link Executors} class provides factory methods for the
* executor services provided in this package.
*
*
Usage Examples
*
* Here is a sketch of a network service in which threads in a thread
* pool service incoming requests. It uses the preconfigured {@link
* Executors#newFixedThreadPool} factory method:
*
*
* class NetworkService implements Runnable {
* private final ServerSocket serverSocket;
* private final ExecutorService pool;
*
* public NetworkService(int port, int poolSize)
* throws IOException {
* serverSocket = new ServerSocket(port);
* pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(poolSize);
* }
*
* public void run() { // run the service
* try {
* for (;;) {
* pool.execute(new Handler(serverSocket.accept()));
* }
* } catch (IOException ex) {
* pool.shutdown();
* }
* }
* }
*
* class Handler implements Runnable {
* private final Socket socket;
* Handler(Socket socket) { this.socket = socket; }
* public void run() {
* // read and service request on socket
* }
* }
*
*
* The following method shuts down an ExecutorService in two phases,
* first by calling shutdown to reject incoming tasks, and then
* calling shutdownNow, if necessary, to cancel any lingering tasks:
*
*
* void shutdownAndAwaitTermination(ExecutorService pool) {
* pool.shutdown(); // Disable new tasks from being submitted
* try {
* // Wait a while for existing tasks to terminate
* if (!pool.awaitTermination(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
* pool.shutdownNow(); // Cancel currently executing tasks
* // Wait a while for tasks to respond to being cancelled
* if (!pool.awaitTermination(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS))
* System.err.println("Pool did not terminate");
* }
* } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
* // (Re-)Cancel if current thread also interrupted
* pool.shutdownNow();
* // Preserve interrupt status
* Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
* }
* }
*
*
* Memory consistency effects: Actions in a thread prior to the
* submission of a {@code Runnable} or {@code Callable} task to an
* {@code ExecutorService}
* happen-before
* any actions taken by that task, which in turn happen-before the
* result is retrieved via {@code Future.get()}.
*
* @since 1.5
* @author Doug Lea
*/
public interface ExecutorService extends Executor {
/**
* Initiates an orderly shutdown in which previously submitted
* tasks are executed, but no new tasks will be accepted.
* Invocation has no additional effect if already shut down.
*
*
This method does not wait for previously submitted tasks to
* complete execution. Use {@link #awaitTermination awaitTermination}
* to do that.
*
* @throws SecurityException if a security manager exists and
* shutting down this ExecutorService may manipulate
* threads that the caller is not permitted to modify
* because it does not hold {@link
* java.lang.RuntimePermission}("modifyThread"),
* or the security manager's checkAccess method
* denies access.
*/
void shutdown();
/**
* Attempts to stop all actively executing tasks, halts the
* processing of waiting tasks, and returns a list of the tasks
* that were awaiting execution.
*
*
This method does not wait for actively executing tasks to
* terminate. Use {@link #awaitTermination awaitTermination} to
* do that.
*
*
There are no guarantees beyond best-effort attempts to stop
* processing actively executing tasks. For example, typical
* implementations will cancel via {@link Thread#interrupt}, so any
* task that fails to respond to interrupts may never terminate.
*
* @return list of tasks that never commenced execution
* @throws SecurityException if a security manager exists and
* shutting down this ExecutorService may manipulate
* threads that the caller is not permitted to modify
* because it does not hold {@link
* java.lang.RuntimePermission}("modifyThread"),
* or the security manager's checkAccess method
* denies access.
*/
List shutdownNow();
/**
* Returns true if this executor has been shut down.
*
* @return true if this executor has been shut down
*/
boolean isShutdown();
/**
* Returns true if all tasks have completed following shut down.
* Note that isTerminated is never true unless
* either shutdown or shutdownNow was called first.
*
* @return true if all tasks have completed following shut down
*/
boolean isTerminated();
/**
* Blocks until all tasks have completed execution after a shutdown
* request, or the timeout occurs, or the current thread is
* interrupted, whichever happens first.
*
* @param timeout the maximum time to wait
* @param unit the time unit of the timeout argument
* @return true if this executor terminated and
* false if the timeout elapsed before termination
* @throws InterruptedException if interrupted while waiting
*/
boolean awaitTermination(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
throws InterruptedException;
/**
* Submits a value-returning task for execution and returns a
* Future representing the pending results of the task. The
* Future's get method will return the task's result upon
* successful completion.
*
*
* If you would like to immediately block waiting
* for a task, you can use constructions of the form
* result = exec.submit(aCallable).get();
*
*
Note: The {@link Executors} class includes a set of methods
* that can convert some other common closure-like objects,
* for example, {@link java.security.PrivilegedAction} to
* {@link Callable} form so they can be submitted.
*
* @param task the task to submit
* @return a Future representing pending completion of the task
* @throws RejectedExecutionException if the task cannot be
* scheduled for execution
* @throws NullPointerException if the task is null
*/
Future submit(Callable task);
/**
* Submits a Runnable task for execution and returns a Future
* representing that task. The Future's get method will
* return the given result upon successful completion.
*
* @param task the task to submit
* @param result the result to return
* @return a Future representing pending completion of the task
* @throws RejectedExecutionException if the task cannot be
* scheduled for execution
* @throws NullPointerException if the task is null
*/
Future submit(Runnable task, T result);
/**
* Submits a Runnable task for execution and returns a Future
* representing that task. The Future's get method will
* return null upon successful completion.
*
* @param task the task to submit
* @return a Future representing pending completion of the task
* @throws RejectedExecutionException if the task cannot be
* scheduled for execution
* @throws NullPointerException if the task is null
*/
Future submit(Runnable task);
/**
* Executes the given tasks, returning a list of Futures holding
* their status and results when all complete.
* {@link Future#isDone} is true for each
* element of the returned list.
* Note that a completed task could have
* terminated either normally or by throwing an exception.
* The results of this method are undefined if the given
* collection is modified while this operation is in progress.
*
* @param tasks the collection of tasks
* @return A list of Futures representing the tasks, in the same
* sequential order as produced by the iterator for the
* given task list, each of which has completed.
* @throws InterruptedException if interrupted while waiting, in
* which case unfinished tasks are cancelled.
* @throws NullPointerException if tasks or any of its elements are null
* @throws RejectedExecutionException if any task cannot be
* scheduled for execution
*/
List> invokeAll(Collection> tasks)
throws InterruptedException;
/**
* Executes the given tasks, returning a list of Futures holding
* their status and results
* when all complete or the timeout expires, whichever happens first.
* {@link Future#isDone} is true for each
* element of the returned list.
* Upon return, tasks that have not completed are cancelled.
* Note that a completed task could have
* terminated either normally or by throwing an exception.
* The results of this method are undefined if the given
* collection is modified while this operation is in progress.
*
* @param tasks the collection of tasks
* @param timeout the maximum time to wait
* @param unit the time unit of the timeout argument
* @return a list of Futures representing the tasks, in the same
* sequential order as produced by the iterator for the
* given task list. If the operation did not time out,
* each task will have completed. If it did time out, some
* of these tasks will not have completed.
* @throws InterruptedException if interrupted while waiting, in
* which case unfinished tasks are cancelled
* @throws NullPointerException if tasks, any of its elements, or
* unit are null
* @throws RejectedExecutionException if any task cannot be scheduled
* for execution
*/
List> invokeAll(Collection> tasks,
long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
throws InterruptedException;
/**
* Executes the given tasks, returning the result
* of one that has completed successfully (i.e., without throwing
* an exception), if any do. Upon normal or exceptional return,
* tasks that have not completed are cancelled.
* The results of this method are undefined if the given
* collection is modified while this operation is in progress.
*
* @param tasks the collection of tasks
* @return the result returned by one of the tasks
* @throws InterruptedException if interrupted while waiting
* @throws NullPointerException if tasks or any element task
* subject to execution is null
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if tasks is empty
* @throws ExecutionException if no task successfully completes
* @throws RejectedExecutionException if tasks cannot be scheduled
* for execution
*/
T invokeAny(Collection> tasks)
throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException;
/**
* Executes the given tasks, returning the result
* of one that has completed successfully (i.e., without throwing
* an exception), if any do before the given timeout elapses.
* Upon normal or exceptional return, tasks that have not
* completed are cancelled.
* The results of this method are undefined if the given
* collection is modified while this operation is in progress.
*
* @param tasks the collection of tasks
* @param timeout the maximum time to wait
* @param unit the time unit of the timeout argument
* @return the result returned by one of the tasks.
* @throws InterruptedException if interrupted while waiting
* @throws NullPointerException if tasks, or unit, or any element
* task subject to execution is null
* @throws TimeoutException if the given timeout elapses before
* any task successfully completes
* @throws ExecutionException if no task successfully completes
* @throws RejectedExecutionException if tasks cannot be scheduled
* for execution
*/
T invokeAny(Collection> tasks,
long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException;
}